Optimizing Vaccine Supply Chain Traceability Through Blockchain-Based Decentralized Mechanisms: Enhancing Transparency and Efficiency in Commercial Biotechnology

Abstract

Ensuring the integrity and transparency of vaccine supply chains is critical for the successful commercialization of biotechnological products. However, existing vaccine supply chains face significant challenges, including information asymmetry, lack of transparency, vulnerability to tampering, low counterfeiting costs, and inadequate traceability mechanisms that complicate accountability. To address these issues, this study explores the optimization path for integrating traceability into vaccine supply chains through a blockchain-based decentralized mechanism, providing a robust framework for enhancing supply chain transparency and security. The research analyzes the unique characteristics of vaccine logistics and identifies key challenges such as unreasonable benefit distribution, excessive supply levels, supply monopolies, and inefficient regulatory mechanisms. By leveraging the decentralized nature of blockchain technology, the proposed system ensures immutable, transparent, and real-time data sharing across all stakeholders, significantly reducing the risks of counterfeiting and tampering. The blockchain-based model also facilitates efficient accountability and traceability, crucial for managing the complex regulatory requirements associated with vaccine distribution. Moreover, the study highlights the broader applicability of blockchain-driven decentralization in commercial biotechnology, including supply chain tracking, medical record sharing, and crowdsourcing initiatives. The implementation of this innovative approach not only optimizes vaccine supply chains but also introduces transformative changes in business models, community organization, and social governance structures. This research offers strategic insights for biotechnology enterprises seeking to enhance supply chain resilience, ensure product authenticity, and accelerate the commercialization of life-saving vaccines and related biotechnological innovations.