Commercial and Diagnostic Insights into Pathogenic Microorganisms in Diarrhea: Leveraging Microbiological Cultivation for Innovation in Healthcare Biotechnology

Abstract

Background: Diarrhea is a global health challenge, commonly caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites, with significant implications for healthcare and biotechnology. This study aims to categorize pathogenic microorganisms in diarrhea patients and evaluate their adoption value through microbiological cultivation and detection methodologies, highlighting opportunities for innovation in diagnostics and treatment strategies. Materials and Methods: Fecal specimens were collected from 189 diarrhea patients admitted to our hospital from May 2022 to May 2023. Microbiological cultivation and molecular biology techniques were employed to detect and categorize pathogenic microorganisms. Results: Among the patients, those aged ?6 years (67.20%) were significantly more prevalent than those aged >6 years (32.80%) (P<0.05). The identified pathogenic bacteria included Shigella (49.45%), Salmonella (21.12%), diarrheogenic Escherichia coli (13.33%), Vibrio (9.44%), Aeromonas hydrophila (3.33%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.22%), and Staphylococcus aureus (1.11%). Antimicrobial resistance testing revealed that cefotaxime exhibited the largest inhibition zones across multiple bacterial strains, followed by cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin, while amoxicillin and ampicillin showed the smallest inhibition zones. Additionally, the period from May to August had the highest incidence of diarrhea. Conclusion: Microbiological cultivation techniques are valuable for diagnosing and managing bacterial infections in diarrhea patients, providing actionable insights for therapeutic interventions. Molecular biology techniques further enhance diagnostic accuracy and offer new avenues for improving the treatment and management of diarrhea, with significant potential for application in the commercial biotechnology sector.